::I N T R O D U C T I O N R A G 1 3 2::

It is a code used for the subject of Introduction to Built Environment and Human Settlement which is taught at the School of Housing, Building and Planning (HBP), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang

This course holistically introduces students to the built environment using the Production Model. This model has 6 elements which are
1) Actors
2) Intention
3) Action
4) Rules
5) Site
6) Product

What are the course's objectives?
Enable students to
1) identify the elements in their environment
2) examine the most important reason of existence of the built environment
3) communicate their views and findings
4) improve their perception
5) improve the appreciation

What are the learning outcomes?
At the end of this course, students should be able to
1) identify the elements of the built environment production
2) identify the scale of built environment production
3) identify the roles of the actors in built environment
4) examine the most important reason of existence of built environment
5) appreciate the depletion of resources which affects the acts
6) explain the various relevant laws shaping the built environment
7) explain the various urban formation and its relation to economy
8) explain the factors related to urban morphology
9) apply communications, views and findings

What are the references used?

References
1) A. Rapoport, Meaning of the Built Environment : A Nonverbal Communication Approach.University of Arizona Press, 1990
2) Bartuska, Introduction : Definition, Design and Development of the Built Environment
3) J. Charles and J. Kibbert, Reshaping the Built Environment : Ecology, Ethics and Economics, Island Press, 1999
4) N. Crowe, Nature and the Idea of A Man-made World : An Investigation into the Evolutionary Roots of Form and Order in the Built Environment, MIT Press, 1997
5) N.J. Habraken and J. Teicher, editors, The Structure of the Ordinary : Form and Control in the Built Environment, MIT Press, 2000
6) Wendy R. McClure (Author), Tom J. Bartuska (editor), The Built Environment : A Collaborative Inquiry into Design and Planning, Hoboken : John Wiley and Sons, 2007
7) Lynch. K (1989), Site Planning, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
8) Mikellides, Byron (edu) (1980), Architecture for People, Studio Vista, London

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